文献阅读-20230417-去除性选择导致埃及伊蚊全基因组的快速进化

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1. 背景

文章标题:Release from sexual selection leads to rapid genome-wide evolution in Aedes aegypti
发表时间:20230306
发表期刊:Current Biology
一作及通讯:Claudia A.S. Wyer(英国帝王理工学院) 和 Brian Hollis(美国南卡罗来纳大学哥伦比亚分校)
原文链接:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.031

2. 摘要

2.1 Highlights

  • Sexual selection is important for retaining genetic similarity to field populations
  • Chemosensory genes evolve rapidly in response to the removal of sexual selection
  • Reduced expression of pickpocket315 affects male mating phenotype
  • 性选择,对保持相对于野外种群的基因相似性很重要
  • 性选择削弱时,化学感受基因会迅速进化
  • 基因pickpocket315的表达下降,会影响雄性交配的表型

2.2 In brief

Wyer et al. find that Aedes aegypti evolve rapidly in response to the elimination of sexual selection, with major genomic divergence in chemosensory genes. Populations evolving with sexual selection retain greater genetic similarity to their ancestors, highlighting the importance of maintaining sexual selection in captive populations.
作者发现埃及伊蚊基因组随着性选择的去除快速进化,主要基因组的差异在化学感受基因。具有性选择的种群进化时保留了与它们的祖先更多的基因相似性,突出了维持性选择在圈养种群中的重要性。

2.3 Summary

The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, mates in flight as part of ephemeral aggregations termed swarms. Swarms contain many more males than females, and males are thought to be subject to intense sexual selection. However, which male traits are involved in mating success and the genetic basis of these traits remains unclear. We used an experimental evolution approach to measure genome-wide responses of Ae. aegypti evolved in the presence and absence of sexual selection. These data revealed for the first time how sexual selection shapes the genome of this important species. We found that populations evolved under sexual selection retained greater genetic similarity to the ancestral population and a higher effective population size than populations evolving without sexual selection. When we compared evolutionary regimes, we found that genes associated with chemosensation responded rapidly to the elimination of sexual selection. Knockdown of one high-confidence candidate gene identified in our analysis significantly decreased male insemination success, further suggesting that genes related to male sensory perception are under sexual selection. Several mosquito control technologies involve the release of males from captive populations into the wild. For these interventions to work, a released male must compete against wild males to successfully inseminate a female. Our results suggest that maintaining the intensity of sexual selection in captive populations used in mass-releases is important for sustaining both male competitive ability and overall genetic similarity to field populations.
埃及伊蚊,也就是黄热蚊,在飞行中交配,并作为被称为集群的短暂聚集的一部分。集群中包含更多的雄性,因此雄性被认为受到了强烈的性选择。然而,哪些雄性性状涉及成功交配,以及这些性状的遗传基础仍不清楚。因此作者使用进化实验学的手段,在是否有性选择的情况下,测量了埃及伊蚊的全基因组响应。这些数据,在这个重要的物种中,首次揭示了性选择如何影响基因组。作者发现与没有性选择时的种群进化相比,有性选择时,这些种群在进化中保留了更多与原始种群的基因相似性和更高的实际种群大小。当作者比较进化机制时,作者发现与化学感受相关的基因快速响应于性选择的去除。在作者的实验中,通过对一个高可信度候选基因的敲除,显著地降低了雄性受精的成功率,进一步表明了这个基因在性选择下与雄性感官知觉相关。一些蚊子控制技术,涉及到将雄性圈养种群释放到野外。为了这些干预措施的有效,释放的雄性蚊子必须在授精雌性的过程中竞争的过野外的雄性蚊子。作者的结果表明,在大量释放圈养种群时,维持性选择的强度,对维持雄性竞争能力和相对于野外种群的整体遗传相似性,都非常重要。

3. Figure

有无性选择时的不同种群的全基因组等位基因频率的比较

A和B是根据等位基因频率进行的一个主成分分析。C是fixation index(Fst,群体间分化指数)。D是effective population size(Ne,有效种群大小)。E是染色体范围的核苷酸多样性。

性选择操纵引起的全基因组等位基因频率的进化模式

A是SNP(单核苷酸多态性)的曼哈顿图,B是通过功能效应预测器SNPEff选定的12个高影响的候选SNP的等位基因频率轨迹。对这12个高的和另外713个中的进行的GO富集分析,表明了这些基因和化学感受基因的高度相关。

RNAi处理后对雄性授精能力的功能评估

从12个高影响的基因中,根据是否在成年雄性中高表达,和是否能被RNAi有效沉默,选出了4个基因,探究了这些基因的沉默对雄性交配成功率的影响。只有PPK315这个基因具有显著性的差异。

4.后记

  1. 全文在讲蚊子,但是正文+补充材料没有出现一只蚊子。
  2. 使用SNPEff这个工具,选出了一批具有高度和中度影响的候选基因。
  3. 从全基因范围的SNP入手,最终也仅在12个高影响基因中,找到了一个具有显著表型的PPK315基因。
  4. 不是相关领域,就读到这里吧,没怎么仔细读。